How is the CRC integrated with other TACS elements?

• A. Vertically.
• B. Horizontally.
• C. Diagonally only.
• D. Vertically and horizontally.

Answer: (D)

CRC is integrated across both vertical and horizontal dimensions in the TACS network to protect data integrity at every point it travels. In TACS, information moves up and down the command chain (vertical) and also flows across peer nodes at the same level (horizontal). Placing CRC checks at every hop along these axes means errors introduced by transmission, routing, or processing are caught no matter where they occur. If you only did vertical checks, errors between peers could slip through; if you only did horizontal checks, errors in the command path up and down could go undetected. By covering both vertical and horizontal connections, CRC provides end-to-end detection across the entire system.